Assignment 04
Khulna University
COMPUTER & SOCIETY
Course Title: Information and Communication Technology
Course No: ECE 3155
Submitted To:
ETU PODDER
Lecturer,
Electronics and Communication Engineering Discipline
Khulna University, Khulna-9208
Submitted By:
AL MAMUN
Student ID: 192608
Term: 1st, Year: 3rd
Mass Communication and Journalism Discipline
Khulna University, Khulna-9208
Date of submission: April 26, 2022
Potentiality of E-commerce in Bangladesh
E-commerce (electronic commerce or EC) is the buying and selling of goods and services, or the transmitting of funds or data, over an electronic network, primarily the Internet. These business transactions occur either business-to-business, business-to-consumer, consumer-to-consumer, or consumer-to-business. The terms e-commerce and e-business are often used interchangeably. The term e-tail is also sometimes used about transnational processes around online retail.
Type of E-Commerce in Bangladesh:
Currently, three types of E-Commerce are popular in Bangladesh. They are-
Business-to-Business (B-2-B)
Business-to-Consumer (B-2-C)
Consumer-to-Consumer (C-2-C)
Main obstacles:
Compared to other countries, Bangladesh is a late entrant in E-Commerce. Yet, this sector observed tremendous growth within a short time. E-Commerce can be the next major driver of economic development but some issues need to be addressed. Otherwise, this sector would never reach its full potential.
Developing delivery channel to the customers
Affordable and uninterrupted internet all over the country
Improving the online transaction system
Online fraudulence
Piracy
E-commerce payment process:
This is very clear that the people of Bangladesh are going to purchase online like in western or Europe. There are not many sites like western but it is increasing day by day in the country and also spreading to the rest of the district of Bangladesh. The government is also taking part in that and taking on many projects to build digital Bangladesh. People can realize that they can save a lot of time doing online shopping and also do other work too. Nowadays we can see that people are giving bills online.
E-commerce is the greatest opportunity for a person whether he or she pays the bill online or purchases anything or even can do the business to sell something unusable from his home or office. He or she does not need to rent an office or space to sell. He just easily can sell this on his website or even can use others' sites for selling goods or stuff. e-Commerce is a blessing by God to the world. Western even think without e-Commerce because they are very much familiar with that and developing also day by day for better satisfaction.
The top payment methods in Bangladesh are:
Cash on Delivery: is the most commonly used payment method in Bangladesh. As per estimates, more than 95% of e-commerce users in Bangladesh prefer cash on delivery (COD) payment models.
Bank / Wire Transfer: Very few e-commerce businesses operate on the system of only delivering the product after receiving the amount through a wire/bank transfer.
bKash: Some e-commerce websites also prefer these payment models for transferring small amounts.
Credit Card: Most of the e-commerce websites in Bangladesh have merchant accounts integrated on portals to facilitate credit card transactions. However, almost all such e-commerce websites also offer multiple other payment methods and cater to the cash-on-delivery system.
E-Commerce in Different Sectors in Bangladesh:
Though being an underdeveloped country, selected segments of the Bangladeshi business community have embraced technology with reasonable success. Personal computers and the Internet are also emerging as day-to-day business tools. These positive indicators are favoring the prospects of e-commerce in Bangladesh. Some sectors are given below-
Ready-Made Garments (RMG).
Banking sectors (Online Banking).
Online Shopping.
Web Hosting, Domain.
Online cards, gifts.
Oil and Gas sector etc.
Online Transportation systems, Hotel Management and Tourism, etc.
Advantages of E-Commerce in the Perspective of Bangladesh:
The multidimensional activity of E-commerce which Bangladesh can be benefited in the business sector, i.e.-
Expansion of the era of Business.
Reducing unemployment problems.
Reducing communication difficulties.
Access to the international market.
Competition against exporting in other countries.
Business is round the clock.
Helps to enhance business knowledge.
Telecommunication’s Role in E-Commerce of Bangladesh:
E-Commerce is largely dependent on the Internet and the pricing and the quality of Internet services and internet services are significantly dependent on the status and performance of the telecommunications sector.
The focus starts to build on the country developing into „Digital Bangladesh‟ by 2021 with this strategy providing a boost to infrastructure.
Mobile internet services have been giving a much-needed boost to internet access.
Provide broadband services, however, continue to struggle.
Rapid early growth in WiMAX services after operators launch.
BTRC prepares to open the market for more VoIP operator licenses.
BTRC issued 34 additional IIG licenses in 2012.
Bangla was permitted to upgrade its networks to TD-LTE
Major E-Commerce Websites in Bangladesh:
Despite various barriers, many e-commerce websites are established in Bangladesh. In July 2013, an article was published on Financial Express with the title “e-commerce expanding at a faster pace; yet no PayPal operation allowed in Bangladesh”.
Major e-commerce websites in Bangladesh are given below-
daraz.com.bd
quickbuy.com.bd
bagdoom.com
ajkerdeal.com
bikroy.com
e-courierbd.com
kaymu.com.bd
chaldal.com
rokomari.com
sohoz.com
biponee.com
e-CAB (e-Commerce Association of Bangladesh):
Recently in Bangladesh e-CAB (e-Commerce Association of Bangladesh) has started its operation to provide a common platform for discussing and exchanging views on business conditions and issues, both domestic and international, affecting companies or organizations involved with E-commerce or online marketplaces through which trade is facilitated or commenced. C-CAP’s aim is also to take action for the preservation of rights and interests especially, of the members of the organization, and generally for the development of the business services that are related to an E-Commerce business, nationally and internationally.
E-payment systems the worldwide
An e-commerce payment system facilitates the acceptance of electronic payment for online transactions. Also known as a sample of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI), e-commerce payment systems have become increasingly popular due to the widespread use of internet-based shopping and banking. Over the years, credit cards have become one of the most common forms of payment for e-commerce transactions. In North America, almost 90% of online retail transactions were made with this payment type.
Some companies enable financial transactions to take place over the internet, such as PayPal. Many of the media permit consumers to establish an account quickly and to transfer funds into their online accounts from a traditional bank account and vice versa, after verification of the consumer's identity and authority to access such bank accounts. Also, the larger media further allow transactions to and from credit card accounts, although such credit card transactions are usually assessed a fee to recoup the transaction fees charged for the media.
Methods of online payment:
Credit cards constitute a popular method of online payment, but can be expensive for the merchant to accept because of transaction fees primarily. Debit cards constitute an excellent alternative with similar security, but usually much cheaper charges. Besides card-based payments, alternative payment methods have emerged and sometimes even claimed market leadership. Wallets like PayPal and Alipay are playing major roles in the ecosystem. Bitcoin payment processors are a cheaper alternative for accepting payments online which also offers better protection from fraud.
Net banking:
This is a system, well known in India, that does not involve any sort of physical card. It is used
Buy customers who have accounts enabled with Internet banking. Instead of entering card details
on the purchaser's site, in this system the payment gateway allows one to specify which bank
They wish to pay for. Then the user is redirected to the bank's website, where one can
Authenticate oneself and then approve the payment. Typically, there will also be some form of
Two-factor authentication. It is typically seen as being safer than using credit cards, with the result that nearly all merchant accounts in India offer it as an option. A very similar system, known as the IDEAL is popular in the Netherlands.
PayPal:
PayPal is a global e-commerce business, allowing payments and money transfers to be made
Through the Internet. Online money transfers serve as electronic alternatives to paying with
Traditional paper methods, such as checks and money orders. It is subject to the US economy
Sanction list and other rules and interventions required by US laws or government. In addition, eBay purchases made by credit card through PayPal may incur extra fees if the buyer and seller use different currencies. On October 3, 2002, PayPal became a wholly-owned subsidiary of eBay. Its corporate headquarters are in San Jose, California, the United States at eBay's North First Street satellite office campus. The company also has significant operations in Omaha, Scottsdale, Charlotte, and Austin in the United States; Chennai in India; Dublin in Ireland; Berlin in Germany; and Tel Aviv in Israel. Since July 2007, PayPal has operated across the European Union as a Luxembourg-based bank.
Payment Wall:
Payment wall, an e-commerce solution, providing company launched in 2010, offers a wide
A range of online payment methods that its clients can integrate on their website.
Mobile Money Wallets:
In developing countries, the banked population is very less, especially in tier II and tier III cities.
Taking the example of India, there are more mobile phone users than there are people with active
Bank accounts. Telecom operators, in such geographies, have started offering mobile money
wallets which allow adding funds easily through their existing mobile subscription number, by
visiting physical recharge points close to their homes and offices and converting their cash into
Mobile wallet currency. This can be used for online transactions and eCommerce purchases.
Many payment options such as Airtel Money and in Kenya, ATW are being accepted as
Alternate payment options on various eCommerce websites.
E-payment system available in Bangladesh
Bangladeshi internet shopping as the internet becomes more usable in Bangladesh; it's clear-cut
That online sales will spring up. This is ahead to more accessibility of online buys. Competitor
will become fast-growing as online shopping raises and so Bangladeshi retailers shouldn't be left
Alone. The online retail industry is getting more significant as the internet carries on rising in
Significance in Bangladesh. Bangladesh internet site Directory for Online Shopping especial
Wholesale & retail choice of the e-commerce, internet site and first-class stores. Aside from form
An international market, local businesses are also moving towards e-commerce. Mobile Phone
Companies, Banks Shopping hotels and ticket bookings are a few of them Despite being an underdeveloped country, selected segments of the Bangladeshi.
The business community has embraced technology with reasonable success. Starting in the early 1990s, the internet in the country has witnessed phenomenal growth and has made quite promising moves towards e-commerce. The central bank gave the green signal for e-commerce transactions in Bangladesh in 2009. Following the beginning of the e-commerce era in the country, Dutch Bangla Bank (DBBL) launched IPG named Nexus-Gateway in 2010 and BRAC Bank, in the same year. This gave interested e-merchants of Bangladesh to get connected and receive payments from the buyers’ credit or debit cards (such as MasterCard or Visa) for their goods and services. Very recently Bangladesh Bank has launched the National Payment Switch (NPS) in December 2012, at $5 million (40 crores TK around) funded by the World Bank. It took more than three years to install. NPSB would work as a common platform for all banks for all types of electronic transactions, including internet banking, mobile banking, POS (point-of-sale), cash withdrawal, deposit, and utility bill payments by using a cash card, debit, and credit cards. It is here to be noted that, at the primary stage the NPS was also supposed to settle payments of the international credit and debit cardholders issued by the local banks in foreign currency. But due to the tight monetary policy of the government, offshore settlements are not possible under the NPS system. At present, they started with the attempt to establish an effective platform in Bangladesh. Additionally, they are wishing customer support to establish a good platform for e-commerce in Bangladesh.
Credit Card and Debit Card payment system:
The credit card payment system has become a popular e-payment system in Bangladesh.
Here is the list of the banks in Bangladesh that issue credit cards for individuals.
1. AB Bank
2. Agrani Bank
3. Al-Arafah Islami Bank
4. Bank Asia Limited
5. Dutch-Bangla Bank
6. Eastern Bank Limited
7. HSBC Bangladesh
8. Janata Bank
9. Mercantile Bank
10. Mutual Trust Bank
11. National Bank
12. Prime Bank
13. Standard Chartered Bank
14. Social Islami Bank
15. Shahjalal Islami Bank
16. United Commercial Bank
17. Uttara Bank
Easy Pay Way:
Easy pay way is an online payment gateway for Bangladesh Market. They enable e-commerce
Businesses to process debit and credit cards online quickly and securely. Through their range of e-commerce solutions, they automate their online payments, saving buyers ‟s or clients ‟s a time and
Money. All debit and credit card transactions are processed in real-time directly into your Internet Merchant Account. Get online faster with our expert e-commerce advice, simple integration, the widest range of integrated shopping carts, and FREE 24/7 support you can rely on.
Payoneer Mastercard:
Payoneer Mastercard is a prepaid debit card provided by Pay owner. Payoneer is an online payment solution offering organizations a global, friendly way to send funds to remote or
Dispersed populations, using Payoneer Mastercard. They work closely with Choice bank limited
Or First Covenant Bank, which issues their cards and processes the transactions. An industry
Leader, Payoneer Mastercard is currently used by more than half a million individuals, worldwide. The cardholder won’t even need a bank account –which means users in more remote
Parts of the world are free from long journeys to find somewhere they can cash a check.
Payoneer Mastercard is now integrated with major freelance outsourcing marketplaces such as
Desk, Elance, Rent a Coder, and so on. They are called official partners. Bangladeshi
freelancers can withdraw their online earnings through Payoneer Mastercard using ATMs or
Bank transfers.
Case On Delivery (COD):
Still now many e-commerce sites, especially C2C and B2C offer and permit the cash on delivery payment system in e-commerce transactions. Here actual payment occurs when the most custom
received the product and paid cash to the quarries
Digital Wallet or E-Cash:
BKash
BKash Limited, a subsidiary of BRAC Bank, started as a joint venture between BRAC Bank Limited, Bangladesh, and Money in Motion LLC, USA. In April 2013, the International Finance Corporation (IFC), a member of the World Bank Group, became an equity partner and in April 2014, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation became the investor of the company.
mCash:
Islami Bank cash is the Mobile Banking of Islami Bank Bangladesh Limited was the
Customers of any mobile company take the 24 hours of mobile banking services from anywhere in the country without going to any branches. Despite making significant improvements in all the areas relating to financial viability, profitability, innovation, and competitiveness, there are concerns that banks have not been able to include a vast segment of the population, especially the underprivileged sections and rural people into the fold of basic banking services.
Ukash:
Ukash is a complete mobile financial service by United Commercial Bank Limited (UCBL). UCBL received permission to operate and offer Mobile Financial Services (MFS)from Bangladesh Bank. Ukash is the brand name of the mobile financial services offered by UCBL.UCBL strongly believes in the idea of “financial inclusion” and that banking facilities should be accessible to all. Ukash has launched its services all over Bangladesh to provide banking facilities to the vast majority of the unbanked population of the country. Cash intends to familiarize banking facilities with those who previously were not able to access banking services. Ukash will act as a catalyst for the economic development of the unbanked population by providing prompt, fast, and safe banking products and services.
Suresh:
It is the mobile banking and e-wallet service of First Security Islami Bank Limited. The
The main features of Sure Cash are the following;
1) Convenient
2) Faster Electronic Fund Transfer
3) Safe Payment System
4) Cash Withdrawal
5) Fund Transfer Facilities
6) Widely Available Throughout the Country
7) Simple Account Opening
Money bookers Skrill:
Money bookers skill is an e-wallet newly rebranded as skill. It offers its customers a safe and instant way to transfer money online. They don’t have to re-enter their financial details every time they make a transaction. They can send money from credit /debit cards, transfer money to and from their bank account and pay for online purchases/auctions. Moneybookers skill has over 25 million customers and is regulated by the United Kingdom Financial Services Authority (FSA). Money bookers Skrill’s worldwide payment network offers businesses access to over 100 payment options in over 200 countries including Bangladesh and territories through just one
Account. More than 120,000 merchants use Money-bookers skill and it is growing quickly.
Introduction:
E-Governance or ‘electronic governance’ is the application of Information and Communication Technology to the processes of Government functioning to bring about ‘Simple, Moral, Accountable, Responsive and Transparent (SMART) governance. This could generally involve the use of ICTs by government agencies for any or all of the following reasons: (a) Exchange of information with citizens, businesses, or other government departments. (b) Speedier and more efficient delivery of public services. (c) Improving internal efficiency. (d) Reducing costs / increasing revenue. (e) Restructuring of administrative processes, (f) Improving the quality of services. In Bangladesh e-governance must be ensured if we want to see, Bangladesh as a developed country
E-Governance:
Although the term ‘e-Governance’ has gained currency in recent years there is no
Standard definition of this term. Different governments and organizations this
Term to suit their aims and objectives. Sometimes the term ‘e-government’ is also
used instead of ‘e-Governance’& Some 'widely used definitions are listed below:
According to the World Bank:
E-Government refers to the use by government agencies of information technologies that have
The ability to transform relations 'with citizens, businesses, and other arms of government. These technologies can serve a variety of different ends: better delivery of government services to
The Citizens improved interactions 'with business and industry citizens, empowerment through access to information, or more efficient government management. The resulting benefits can be less corruption increased transparency, greater convenience revenue growth, and cost reductions.
Advantages of E-Government
The e-government’s ultimate objective is to offer an enhanced portfolio of public services efficiently and cost-effectively to citizens. The e-government also could provide more transparency for the government because it enables the public to be informed about what the government is working on and the policies which are enforced.
The primary benefit would be replacing and optimizing the Paper-Based System while implementing electronic government. That could save lots of time, money, and also the environment in return due to reducing paper consumption.
The implementation of e-government could also promote better communications between government and business sectors. e-procurement as a subsidiary of e-government services could facilitate communication between G2G and B2B that will allow smaller businesses to compete with bigger companies in public tenders. Hence the benefit of e-government could be creating an open and transparent market and a stronger economy.
Nowadays, companies and people can get information quicker and at any moment of the day in comparison to the past. E-government and its capacity could be available to all people regardless of their place or social level.
In summary, more efficiency, enhanced services to better serve citizens, better accessibility of public services, and more transparency and accountability of government are the expected advantages of e-government.
Model of E-Governance in Bangladesh
The State of E-Governance in Bangladesh
The slogan of “Digital Bangladesh” of the Government of Bangladesh has special significance for e-governance for national development. Digital Bangladesh with Vision 2021 is a big impetus for the use of digital technology for e-governance in the country. Despite several bottlenecks and limitations, works are in progress for the realization of e-governance in all areas of administration. Many e-government projects have already been completed and a big number of projects are in progress. The nation, with well over 120 million mobile subscribers and 43 million Internet subscribers, enjoys the fruits of e-governance in numerous areas of activity. The ultimate objective is to make more and more e-services available to the people with increased digitalization.
Definition of Digital Bangladesh
Digital Bangladesh the dream of Bangladeshi Prime Minister Sheik Hasina, is becoming a very important daily discussion topic among Bangladeshi IT specialists, journalists, politicians, students as well as policymakers. However, what the “Digital Bangladesh” catchphrase precisely means is still unclear to many citizens in Bangladesh.
Although the government did not yet fully specify the definition of “Digital Bangladesh”, however; government officials, business leaders, media personalities, academicians, non-government (NGO) heads, and Information Technology (IT) specialists have developed their meanings of Digital Bangladesh.
Digital Bangladesh implies the broad use of computers and embodies the modern philosophy of effective and useful use of technology in terms of implementing the promises in education, health, job placement, and poverty reduction. The party underscored a changing attitude, positive thinking, and innovative ideas for the success of Digital Bangladesh.
Electronic Government Initiative
In Mobile Sector: Bill payment through mobile, port automation, e-center, introducing e-governance (partially), getting public examination results through short message service (SMS), and introducing university admission process through SMS are some other significant moves taken by the government in its first year.
Bangladesh Bank (BB): BB has been allowed to make online money transactions, payment of utility bills through the internet, transfer of funds, payments for trading goods and services, and facilitate online credit card payments in local currency.
In Submarine Cable: The government has already taken initiatives to connect Bangladesh with the second submarine cable Network to ensure secure connectivity with the information superhighway.
In E-commerce: Bangladeshi businessmen have already introduced e-commerce in a limited manner, in a business-to-consumer format. Wireless Application Protocol service is also available in Bangladesh allowing for use of the Internet through mobile phones. This has introduced e-commerce to a wide area in Bangladesh.
ICT policy: The government passed the national ICT policy with guidance from the access to information program of the Prime Minister's Office. The government has taken initiatives to promote ICT among all spheres of people, including the hard-to-reach areas, tax and duty cuts on computers, promoting ISP services, etc.
In Education: In 2009 SSC and HSC results were made available via mobile and internet, and were also emailed to the educational institutions. The work of providing laptops and the internet
Connectivity was started in various schools and colleges. Using the data from the education boards, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology completed its admission, registration process via mobile phone-based applications. For the first time, the results of medical college and primary examinations were available through SMS.
In Health: The country's 800 health centers have been given the internet and mobile connectivity. Several telemedicine centers have been built. To ensure equal access to technology for all, the government is setting up community e-centers all across the country -- there are more than 2,300 of them now.
Machine Readable Passport: Prime Minister Sheik Hasina on Wednesday (3rd June 2010) launched the much-desired Machine Readable Passport (MRP), and Machine Readable Visa (MRV) taking the country a step forward towards Digital Bangladesh.
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